1
00:00:05,230 --> 00:00:06,460
(sitima ikulira)

2
00:00:06,460 --> 00:00:09,290
February 1919, ku New York.

3
00:00:09,290 --> 00:00:11,943
kubwerera kwa asilikali a ku Africa-America ndi chikondwerero.

4
00:00:11,943 --> 00:00:12,972
(malipenga akuimba)

5
00:00:12,972 --> 00:00:15,305
(kuseka)

6
00:00:16,770 --> 00:00:19,310
Wotsogolera gulu lawo James Reese akukumbukira.

7
00:00:20,970 --> 00:00:23,240
Ngwazi zinakuwa kuchokera pamazenera, padenga,

8
00:00:23,240 --> 00:00:24,265
kuchokera mumsewu.

9
00:00:24,265 --> 00:00:25,098
(khamu la anthu likuchemerera)

10
00:00:25,098 --> 00:00:26,760
Pamene regiment imayenda,

11
00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:29,763
adalumikizana ndi amayi, okondedwa ndi abale.

12
00:00:31,100 --> 00:00:34,893
Gulu la 369th lidatchedwa, Harlem Hellfighters.

13
00:00:36,120 --> 00:00:37,860
A French adawatulutsa kuchoka ku ntchito yawo

14
00:00:37,860 --> 00:00:41,067
pamadoko onyamula ndi njanji kuti mumenyane nawo

15
00:00:42,460 --> 00:00:44,726
ndipo adamenya nkhondo mwa ngwazi.

16
00:00:44,726 --> 00:00:46,240
(malipenga akuimba)

17
00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:48,570
M'modzi mwa omenyera ufulu wawo (mumbles),

18
00:00:48,570 --> 00:00:51,147
{\an8}Marcus Garvey akuti,

19
00:00:51,147 --> 00:00:54,367
"Tikukhulupirira kuti Negro sayenera kulandidwa chilichonse

20
00:00:54,367 --> 00:00:56,297
"zaufulu kapena mwayi womwe wamba

21
00:00:56,297 --> 00:00:57,827
"kwa anthu ena."

22
00:01:01,664 --> 00:01:02,650
(khamu la anthu)

23
00:01:02,650 --> 00:01:04,300
Komabe, Purezidenti Wilson

24
00:01:04,300 --> 00:01:07,710
amakhulupirira kuti Akuda ndi Azungu.

25
00:01:07,710 --> 00:01:10,900
Nthawi yomweyo kunja kwa US, amateteza ufulu

26
00:01:10,900 --> 00:01:12,563
za anthu kuti adzisankhe okha.

27
00:01:13,700 --> 00:01:16,410
Kubwerera ku US, akuyamba ulendo wautali

28
00:01:16,410 --> 00:01:18,500
kulimbikitsa maganizo a anthu

29
00:01:18,500 --> 00:01:19,900
za Pangano la Versailles.

30
00:01:21,610 --> 00:01:23,660
Wilson amadziwa kuti ku Washington,

31
00:01:23,660 --> 00:01:25,663
Nyumba ya Senate idakali yosafuna kwambiri.

32
00:01:27,140 --> 00:01:29,750
Akudziwa kuti ovota ochokera ku Germany ndi okwiya

33
00:01:29,750 --> 00:01:32,840
za zigamulo za pangano, zomwe amaziona ngati zachipongwe;

34
00:01:32,840 --> 00:01:34,756
kuchitira nkhanza dziko lawo lakale.

35
00:01:34,756 --> 00:01:36,960
(khamu la anthu)

36
00:01:36,960 --> 00:01:39,230
Wilson akudziwanso kuti Senate ndi yaudani

37
00:01:39,230 --> 00:01:41,730
ku pangano loyamba la League of Nations.

38
00:01:45,090 --> 00:01:48,273
Imakhazikitsa mgwirizano wotetezana mayiko omwe ali mamembala.

39
00:01:49,400 --> 00:01:50,570
Izi zitha kukhala zovomerezeka

40
00:01:50,570 --> 00:01:54,343
kunkhondo yatsopano yankhondo yaku America, yomwe palibe amene akufuna.

41
00:01:56,640 --> 00:01:58,740
Wilson akuyesera kuti aletse mafundewo.

42
00:01:58,740 --> 00:02:02,187
Iye akuti, “Kulephera kuchirikiza League of Nations,

43
00:02:02,187 --> 00:02:04,107
"zinaphwanya mtima wa dziko."

44
00:02:06,050 --> 00:02:08,600
Wilson amagwira ntchito mpaka kutopa

45
00:02:08,600 --> 00:02:12,537
ndipo adagwidwa ndi sitiroko yomwe imamupuwala ndi wosayankhula.

46
00:02:12,537 --> 00:02:15,287
(nyimbo zazikulu)

47
00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:18,093
Kodi Senate yaku US ichita chiyani?

48
00:02:19,410 --> 00:02:21,630
Ngati ikukana Pangano la Versailles

49
00:02:21,630 --> 00:02:24,933
ndi League of Nations, kodi Mtendere udzatheka?

50
00:02:30,980 --> 00:02:33,930
{\an8}Pomwe tikuyembekezera kuvomerezedwa ndi aku America,

51
00:02:33,930 --> 00:02:36,863
Chofunikira kwambiri ku Europe ndikumanganso.

52
00:02:37,780 --> 00:02:40,730
Belgium ndi Serbia awonongeka kwambiri.

53
00:02:40,730 --> 00:02:43,650
Koma ku France, chiwonongekocho ndi choipitsitsa kwambiri.

54
00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:46,383
Kumpoto ndi Kum'maŵa kwa France kwawonongedwa.

55
00:02:47,546 --> 00:02:50,560
(nyimbo zofatsa)

56
00:02:50,560 --> 00:02:54,507
Stefan Zweig akulemba kuti, "Mahatchi onse amphamvu

57
00:02:54,507 --> 00:02:57,440
"za apocalypse zakulirakulira."

58
00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:00,820
Revolution ndi njala, mantha, miliri

59
00:03:00,820 --> 00:03:04,220
ndipo koposa zonse, vuto lalikulu la dziko,

60
00:03:04,220 --> 00:03:07,092
zomwe zawononga chikhalidwe chathu cha ku Ulaya.

61
00:03:07,092 --> 00:03:09,675
(nyimbo zofatsa)

62
00:03:12,130 --> 00:03:15,263
Nkhondoyo inawononga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chuma cha France.

63
00:03:16,210 --> 00:03:18,760
Manambala ndi odabwitsa.

64
00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:22,520
Za midzi yochotsedwa pamapu, ya zipolopolo zosaphulika

65
00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:26,683
ndi mabomba okwirira a m’minda yodzala ndi mpweya wapoizoni.

66
00:03:30,590 --> 00:03:33,943
Dziko lapansi liyenera kuyeretsedwa ku nyanjayi pochotsa poizoni.

67
00:03:36,220 --> 00:03:39,220
Ntchito yayitali komanso yowopsa ngati alimi awa

68
00:03:39,220 --> 00:03:42,350
ndi chipolopolo cha pickerdy, chomwe minda yake yadzala ndi zipolopolo;

69
00:03:42,350 --> 00:03:44,214
ayenera kutaya.

70
00:03:44,214 --> 00:03:46,797
(nyimbo zofatsa)

71
00:03:52,556 --> 00:03:55,223
(kuphulika kwakukulu)

72
00:04:00,720 --> 00:04:04,000
Ngakhale zili choncho, amayambiranso moyo wawo

73
00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:06,757
monga momwe amachitira nthawi zonse zaka mazana zapitazo.

74
00:04:06,757 --> 00:04:09,340
(nyimbo zofatsa)

75
00:04:20,750 --> 00:04:23,070
The French analamula German akaidi a nkhondo

76
00:04:23,070 --> 00:04:25,670
kuwononga dziko, mophwanya malamulo

77
00:04:25,670 --> 00:04:27,100
pa Msonkhano wa Geneva,

78
00:04:27,100 --> 00:04:30,133
mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe umateteza magulu ogwidwa.

79
00:04:33,875 --> 00:04:38,027
Padakali amuna 300,000 atsoka awa ku France,

80
00:04:39,220 --> 00:04:42,920
anatsekeredwa pa msasa woopsa wa Somme pafupi ndi Verdun.

81
00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,333
Khothi la zipewa zankhondo zaku Germany likulemba kuti,

82
00:04:47,037 --> 00:04:50,167
“Ndimaona kuti ndimaonedwa ngati chigawenga.

83
00:04:50,167 --> 00:04:52,807
“Ola lililonse zimamveka bwino.

84
00:04:52,807 --> 00:04:55,963
"Kukayikira kwa a French ndi chidani chawo pa ife,

85
00:04:57,007 --> 00:04:58,607
"tsopano akufuna kuti tizilipira."

86
00:05:08,105 --> 00:05:08,938
(kukomoka kwamphamvu)

87
00:05:08,938 --> 00:05:13,650
Akaidi 22,105 amafera m'mabwinja kapena ndi njala chabe.

88
00:05:15,483 --> 00:05:18,233
(amuna akucheza)

89
00:05:19,990 --> 00:05:21,493
Koma Afalansa nawonso amavutika.

90
00:05:23,250 --> 00:05:25,970
M'misika, mtengo wa nyemba ndi mbatata

91
00:05:25,970 --> 00:05:28,532
ndi kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa nkhondo isanayambe.

92
00:05:28,532 --> 00:05:31,200
(kucheza)

93
00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:34,280
Anthu olemera aku America amabwera kudzathandiza a French,

94
00:05:34,280 --> 00:05:36,640
{\an8}monga wolowa nyumba kubanki yayikulu.

95
00:05:36,640 --> 00:05:40,980
{\an8}Anne Morgan, yemwe pamodzi ndi Dr. Anne Murray Dike,

96
00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:42,573
{\an8}anayambitsa NGO yoyamba iyi,

97
00:05:43,430 --> 00:05:46,181
Komiti Yaku America Yowononga France.

98
00:05:46,181 --> 00:05:48,560
(malipenga akuimba)

99
00:05:48,560 --> 00:05:51,403
Amabzalanso nkhalango zowonongedwa ndi zipolopolo.

100
00:05:52,480 --> 00:05:55,193
Amasintha Chateau kukhala dispensary.

101
00:05:56,350 --> 00:05:58,063
Anne Morgan akulembera amayi ake,

102
00:05:58,947 --> 00:06:02,750
"Ntchito yathu ndi yosangalatsa, ndife othandiza pano."

103
00:06:02,750 --> 00:06:05,770
Anthuwa ankakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Germany.

104
00:06:05,770 --> 00:06:09,150
Chakudya chawo chokha chinali beetroot omwe amadyera ng'ombe.

105
00:06:09,150 --> 00:06:12,780
Iwo ankagona usiku pamalo opanda kanthu m’kuzizira koopsa.

106
00:06:12,780 --> 00:06:15,053
Iwo tsopano akukhalanso ndi moyo.

107
00:06:15,053 --> 00:06:18,470
(nyimbo za classical zowala)

108
00:06:19,557 --> 00:06:21,007
(ng'ombe yamphongo)

109
00:06:21,007 --> 00:06:22,723
(ana akulira)

110
00:06:22,723 --> 00:06:25,193
Ana amasiye 6 miliyoni akusowa ku Europe.

111
00:06:28,642 --> 00:06:31,392
(kusewera violin)

112
00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,230
Ana awa aku Poland omwe adapulumuka mozizwitsa

113
00:06:37,230 --> 00:06:38,920
nkhondo zambiri m'dziko lawo,

114
00:06:38,920 --> 00:06:40,823
akulandilidwa ku United States.

115
00:06:43,546 --> 00:06:46,296
(khamu la anthu)

116
00:06:49,980 --> 00:06:54,250
Ku Paris, ana amasiye ochepa a MoMA apulumutsidwa

117
00:06:54,250 --> 00:06:56,370
kuchokera kutsoka monga momwe boma la France limawapangira

118
00:06:56,370 --> 00:06:59,253
Madera a Boma, mpaka atakula.

119
00:07:06,490 --> 00:07:08,963
{\an8}Russia ili ndi ana amasiye osawerengeka,

120
00:07:10,350 --> 00:07:12,127
makamaka pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni.

121
00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:17,930
Kupambana kwa Communist mu 1922 kumabweretsa ma GULAG,

122
00:07:17,930 --> 00:07:20,603
misasa yachibalo ya Lenin ndiyeno Stalin.

123
00:07:21,750 --> 00:07:23,470
Choncho ana amasiye ambiri akuponyedwa

124
00:07:23,470 --> 00:07:28,263
m'misewu, kukhala phokoso la block, zigawenga zazing'ono.

125
00:07:32,413 --> 00:07:34,700
{\an8}(nyimbo zomveka bwino)

126
00:07:34,700 --> 00:07:38,123
Dziko la Britain lili ndi vuto lake lachangu la ana amasiye.

127
00:07:40,500 --> 00:07:42,540
Yankho lake ndi lalikulu.

128
00:07:42,540 --> 00:07:44,570
Tikiti yanjira imodzi pachombo choyamba

129
00:07:44,570 --> 00:07:47,533
kumafamu m'malo otseguka a Western Canada.

130
00:07:49,290 --> 00:07:53,113
Ku Ottawa, membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo a JS Woodsworth akuti,

131
00:07:54,377 --> 00:07:57,137
"Tikusandutsa ana kukhala antchito otsika mtengo."

132
00:07:59,190 --> 00:08:02,210
Masiku ano, mmodzi mwa anthu 10 aku Canada ndi mbadwa

133
00:08:02,210 --> 00:08:03,610
mwa ana othawa kwawowa.

134
00:08:07,630 --> 00:08:11,890
Momwemonso, UK ikuyamba kutumiza azimayi achichepere

135
00:08:11,890 --> 00:08:13,703
amene tsopano sapeza amuna.

136
00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:18,870
Awa amatchedwa akazi ochuluka

137
00:08:18,870 --> 00:08:21,090
kuchokera ku Women's Army Auxiliary Corps

138
00:08:21,090 --> 00:08:22,305
akupita ku Australia.

139
00:08:22,305 --> 00:08:24,555
(kuseka)

140
00:08:26,145 --> 00:08:28,925
(nyimbo zofatsa)

141
00:08:28,925 --> 00:08:32,030
Kodi opulumukawo adzalira bwanji?

142
00:08:32,030 --> 00:08:35,420
Mmodzi mwa olemba ndakatulo ku Lithuania, Oscar Milosz

143
00:08:35,420 --> 00:08:37,370
kufotokoza zomwe makolo, amasiye

144
00:08:37,370 --> 00:08:39,960
ndipo ana amamva kuyenda m'mizere yopanda malire

145
00:08:39,960 --> 00:08:43,150
manda olembedwa ndi Nyenyezi ya mtanda ya Davide

146
00:08:43,150 --> 00:08:44,790
kapena mwezi wa crescent.

147
00:08:44,790 --> 00:08:48,567
Akuti, “O, akufa, akufa,

148
00:08:48,567 --> 00:08:50,977
"Akufa ali osachepera kufa kuposa ine."

149
00:08:56,530 --> 00:08:59,820
Mabanja ambiri amafuna kubweza akufa awo,

150
00:08:59,820 --> 00:09:01,840
kuti athe kukachezera okondedwa awo kumanda

151
00:09:01,840 --> 00:09:03,103
kumanda akumeneko.

152
00:09:05,830 --> 00:09:08,313
Koma choyamba, zotsalirazo ziyenera kukumbidwa.

153
00:09:10,200 --> 00:09:13,780
Magulu apadera ankhondo yaku America akujambulidwa akuchita

154
00:09:13,780 --> 00:09:14,863
ntchito yowawa iyi.

155
00:09:17,370 --> 00:09:20,920
Matupi 230,000 amabwezeretsedwa ku mabanja awo

156
00:09:22,340 --> 00:09:23,480
ndi France komwe ambiri

157
00:09:23,480 --> 00:09:25,660
a manda a asilikali ali.

158
00:09:25,660 --> 00:09:28,880
Adakali manda a 700,000 French

159
00:09:28,880 --> 00:09:33,113
ndi asilikali achitsamunda, asilikali achijeremani 750,000,

160
00:09:33,960 --> 00:09:37,930
Asilikali 300,000 a ku Britain, kuphatikizapo 60,000 aku Canada.

161
00:09:37,930 --> 00:09:39,683
ndi 34,000 aku America.

162
00:09:41,074 --> 00:09:43,090
(mbalame ikulira)

163
00:09:43,090 --> 00:09:45,790
Kulikonse anthu amayesetsa kuti alumikizane

164
00:09:45,790 --> 00:09:47,635
ndi mizimu ya akufa.

165
00:09:47,635 --> 00:09:50,802
(nyimbo zabwino kwambiri)

166
00:09:51,680 --> 00:09:55,563
Zauzimu zakhala zotchuka kwambiri kuyambira zaka za zana la 19.

167
00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:59,580
Wansembe wamkulu wa zamizimu pa nthawiyo

168
00:09:59,580 --> 00:10:03,157
ndi Leon Vini, akulemba kuti,

169
00:10:03,157 --> 00:10:07,047
"Magulu ankhondo osawerengeka akubwera pa ife mofunitsitsa

170
00:10:07,047 --> 00:10:08,137
"kulankhulana."

171
00:10:10,760 --> 00:10:14,460
Amene adafera kunkhondo amangofuna kudziwonetsera okha

172
00:10:14,460 --> 00:10:15,913
kwa okondedwa awo padziko lapansi.

173
00:10:17,077 --> 00:10:19,660
(nyimbo zofatsa)

174
00:10:26,590 --> 00:10:29,913
N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti misonkhano imeneyi ndi chinyengo china.

175
00:10:33,490 --> 00:10:35,540
Kukumbukira akufa, kuwalemekeza

176
00:10:35,540 --> 00:10:37,850
ndi kuwagwirizanitsa anthu m’chikumbukiro chawo.

177
00:10:37,850 --> 00:10:39,410
Dziko lililonse, mzinda uliwonse,

178
00:10:39,410 --> 00:10:41,563
mudzi uliwonse ukhale ndi chikumbutso.

179
00:10:43,160 --> 00:10:46,480
Amatha kukondwerera kulimba mtima ndi kumenyana, pacifism,

180
00:10:46,480 --> 00:10:48,390
kapena mphamvu zolemekezeka.

181
00:10:48,390 --> 00:10:50,490
Monga caribou yamkuwa iyi,

182
00:10:50,490 --> 00:10:54,350
msonkho kwa amuna 814 ochokera ku Newfoundland,

183
00:10:54,350 --> 00:10:57,800
ndiye mbali ya Ufumu wa Britain amene anamwalira akutumikira m’nkhondo

184
00:10:57,800 --> 00:10:59,569
ndi amene analibe manda odziwika.

185
00:10:59,569 --> 00:11:02,152
(nyimbo zabwino)

186
00:11:05,621 --> 00:11:08,371
(kukomoka kwamphamvu)

187
00:11:09,592 --> 00:11:12,090
Padziko lonse lapansi, osema akugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku

188
00:11:12,090 --> 00:11:15,193
kudzaza zikwi za malamulo a zikumbutso za nkhondo.

189
00:11:18,075 --> 00:11:20,825
(khamu la anthu)

190
00:11:22,070 --> 00:11:25,053
{\an8}London, Novembala 11, 1920.

191
00:11:26,900 --> 00:11:29,000
King George V ndi ana ake,

192
00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:32,790
olamulira amtsogolo amayamba mwambo woyamba wolemekeza

193
00:11:32,790 --> 00:11:34,469
Msilikali Wosadziwika.

194
00:11:34,469 --> 00:11:37,052
(nyimbo zofatsa)

195
00:11:39,620 --> 00:11:43,420
M'bokosi ili muli zotsalira za thupi losadziwika,

196
00:11:43,420 --> 00:11:46,940
osankhidwa mwachisawawa kuti azikumbukira anthu 500,000 omwe anasowa

197
00:11:46,940 --> 00:11:50,303
ndipo sanakwiridwe ndi kupyola mu Ufumu wa Britain amene anafa.

198
00:11:53,250 --> 00:11:55,750
A French adaphunzira mwezi umodzi m'mbuyomo kuti mwambowu

199
00:11:55,750 --> 00:11:57,470
anali kukonzedwa.

200
00:11:57,470 --> 00:12:00,540
Boma linali lisanakonzekere chikumbutso chofananacho

201
00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:02,890
ndipo atolankhani adakwiya.

202
00:12:02,890 --> 00:12:06,800
Phungu wakumanzere waku Nyumba ya Malamulo adalemba mawu obwezera.

203
00:12:06,800 --> 00:12:09,174
Imodzi mwa mafilimu oyambirira a phokoso.

204
00:12:09,174 --> 00:12:12,091
{\an8}(chinenero chakunja)

205
00:12:34,603 --> 00:12:36,210
{\an8}(khamu la anthu likuchemerera)

206
00:12:36,210 --> 00:12:39,890
Msilikali Wosadziwika waku France ali pansi pa Arc de Triomphe

207
00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:43,373
ndi lawi la moto losatha pa manda ake.

208
00:12:47,980 --> 00:12:51,343
Mayiko ena ambiri adatengeranso chizindikiro champhamvuchi.

209
00:12:52,420 --> 00:12:55,810
{\an8}Ku Belgium, msilikali Mfumu Albert Woyamba

210
00:12:55,810 --> 00:12:58,370
asandutsa kudziperekako kukhala mwambo wa umodzi

211
00:12:58,370 --> 00:12:59,596
kwa anthu ake.

212
00:12:59,596 --> 00:13:02,179
(nyimbo zofatsa)

213
00:13:03,018 --> 00:13:05,935
(macheza a anthu)

214
00:13:09,190 --> 00:13:13,240
{\an8}Washington, Novembala 11, 1921.

215
00:13:13,240 --> 00:13:15,930
Mwambo wa Msilikali Wosadziwika waku America

216
00:13:15,930 --> 00:13:18,640
akupezeka ndi Marshall Ferdinand Foch,

217
00:13:18,640 --> 00:13:21,313
Mtsogoleri Wamkulu Wachigwirizano Pamapeto a nkhondoyo.

218
00:13:22,980 --> 00:13:25,130
{\an8}Uyu ndiye Mkulu wa Khwangwala, Zosintha Zambiri

219
00:13:26,030 --> 00:13:30,050
{\an8}omwe zaka 30 zokha m'mbuyomo adagwirizana ndi gulu lankhondo laku America

220
00:13:30,050 --> 00:13:33,110
ndi Nkhondo zoopsa za Indian motsutsana ndi Sioux Nation.

221
00:13:33,110 --> 00:13:34,530
(kukomoka ng'oma)

222
00:13:34,530 --> 00:13:37,580
Ku Arlington National Cemetery pafupi ndi Washington,

223
00:13:37,580 --> 00:13:41,350
Ma Coups ambiri amapereka Msilikali Wosadziwika ndi ndodo,

224
00:13:41,350 --> 00:13:43,299
ankhondo chida cha Kulimba Mtima.

225
00:13:43,299 --> 00:13:44,719
(kutulutsa)

226
00:13:44,719 --> 00:13:47,469
(khamu la anthu)

227
00:13:48,350 --> 00:13:51,050
Foch amauza wamkulu wakale wa American Forces

228
00:13:51,050 --> 00:13:53,387
ku France, General Pershing,

229
00:13:53,387 --> 00:13:55,907
"Ndikufuna kuwona mafuko aku Wild West."

230
00:13:56,960 --> 00:14:00,980
Ku North Dakota, amakumana ndi mdani wakufa wa Crow Nation,

231
00:14:00,980 --> 00:14:03,620
mfumu ya Sioux, Red Tomahawk.

232
00:14:03,620 --> 00:14:06,340
Komiti yolandila imamupatsa malaya aubweya,

233
00:14:06,340 --> 00:14:07,292
ndi chitoliro cha mtendere.

234
00:14:07,292 --> 00:14:10,042
(amuna amalankhula)

235
00:14:12,980 --> 00:14:16,203
General Foce amapatsidwa dzina, kuthamangitsa bingu.

236
00:14:18,646 --> 00:14:19,760
(khamu la anthu)

237
00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:23,300
Ku Washington, Purezidenti Wilson adafooka kwambiri

238
00:14:23,300 --> 00:14:26,893
ndi sitiroko yake yawonongeka ndi kugonja ku Congress.

239
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,220
United States ikukana kuvomereza

240
00:14:32,220 --> 00:14:33,470
Pangano la Versailles.

241
00:14:34,940 --> 00:14:37,250
Voti ikuwonetsa malingaliro a anthu aku America,

242
00:14:37,250 --> 00:14:39,610
amene ali odzipatula kwambiri.

243
00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:41,950
Anthu aku America sakufunanso kulowererapo

244
00:14:41,950 --> 00:14:45,633
m’zochita za ena, kapena kupitanso kunkhondo.

245
00:14:45,633 --> 00:14:48,800
(nyimbo zomveka bwino)

246
00:14:59,100 --> 00:15:01,630
Chitsanzo cha m'badwo uwu wa 1920s,

247
00:15:01,630 --> 00:15:04,110
Apa ndi momwe Zelda Fitzgerald, mkazi wamng'ono

248
00:15:04,110 --> 00:15:07,323
wa wolemba mabuku F. Scott Fitzgerald, akufotokoza za anzake.

249
00:15:08,660 --> 00:15:12,640
Flapper amadzuka kuchokera kuulesi wake wa sub-deb-ism,

250
00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:16,180
amadula tsitsi lake, kuvala ndolo zake zopambana

251
00:15:16,180 --> 00:15:19,953
molimba mtima komanso mwaukali ndipo amapita kunkhondo.

252
00:15:20,850 --> 00:15:23,030
Amakopana chifukwa kumasangalatsa kukopana

253
00:15:23,030 --> 00:15:24,690
ndipo amavala suti yosamba imodzi

254
00:15:24,690 --> 00:15:28,500
chifukwa ali ndi thupi labwino, ndipo amakana kutopa,

255
00:15:28,500 --> 00:15:30,830
makamaka chifukwa si wotopetsa.

256
00:15:30,830 --> 00:15:33,300
Amadziwa zomwe amachita

257
00:15:33,300 --> 00:15:36,092
ndi zinthu zomwe wakhala akufuna kuchita.

258
00:15:36,092 --> 00:15:39,009
(malipenga akuimba)

259
00:15:45,473 --> 00:15:46,350
(kulira kwachitsulo)

260
00:15:46,350 --> 00:15:48,520
Koma chimwemwe ndi chofooka.

261
00:15:48,520 --> 00:15:51,190
Pokana kusaina Pangano la Versailles,

262
00:15:51,190 --> 00:15:54,010
Senate ya ku United States yayika pachiwopsezo cha Wilson

263
00:15:54,010 --> 00:15:56,193
maloto ena a League of Nations.

264
00:15:58,710 --> 00:16:01,260
League komabe, yakhazikitsidwa kale

265
00:16:01,260 --> 00:16:03,530
m'dziko losalowerera ndale, Switzerland

266
00:16:03,530 --> 00:16:04,980
{\an8}m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Geneva.

267
00:16:07,300 --> 00:16:09,610
Koma popanda America, izi zidzatero

268
00:16:09,610 --> 00:16:11,920
a United Nations, osonkhana ambiri

269
00:16:11,920 --> 00:16:14,852
a mayiko a padziko lapansi azitha kusunga mtendere.

270
00:16:14,852 --> 00:16:17,602
(nyimbo zazikulu)

271
00:16:21,380 --> 00:16:24,530
Mapangano osiyanasiyana omwe amatsatira Pangano la Versailles

272
00:16:24,530 --> 00:16:26,563
adzayambitsa mikangano yosatha.

273
00:16:27,870 --> 00:16:30,190
Mapangano a Saint-Germain-en-Laye mu 1919

274
00:16:30,190 --> 00:16:33,280
ndipo Trianon mu 1920, idzasweka

275
00:16:33,280 --> 00:16:37,910
Ufumu wa Austro-Hungary popanga mayiko atsopano,

276
00:16:37,910 --> 00:16:42,410
monga Austria, Czechoslovakia ndi Yugoslavia,

277
00:16:42,410 --> 00:16:44,583
ndikukonzanso Hungary ndi Romania.

278
00:16:47,230 --> 00:16:48,810
Ufulu wotchuka wa People's

279
00:16:48,810 --> 00:16:51,823
to Self Determination, sikunalemekezedwe kwenikweni.

280
00:16:52,770 --> 00:16:55,600
Ajeremani tsopano ali ku Poland ndi Czechoslovakia,

281
00:16:55,600 --> 00:16:59,600
Anthu aku Hungary ku Romania, aku Croatia ku Yugoslavia,

282
00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,220
Ufumu wa Austria-Hungary ndi chiyembekezo kusonkhanitsa

283
00:17:02,220 --> 00:17:04,143
anthu onsewa ali mumtendere.

284
00:17:09,410 --> 00:17:12,070
Mofananamo, Ufumu wa Ottoman unalepheretsa

285
00:17:12,070 --> 00:17:15,193
mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Arabu kung'ambana wina ndi mzake.

286
00:17:17,070 --> 00:17:21,620
Koma pa Pangano la Sevres pa Ogasiti 10, 1920,

287
00:17:21,620 --> 00:17:23,010
Ufumu wa Ottoman,

288
00:17:23,010 --> 00:17:25,700
kulangidwa koopsa chifukwa chothandizira Germany

289
00:17:25,700 --> 00:17:28,290
idachotsedwa ku Turkey lero,

290
00:17:28,290 --> 00:17:30,793
kusiya Chigiriki Enclave ya mzinda wa Smurna.

291
00:17:32,680 --> 00:17:36,573
Mapu a Middle East akujambulanso ndi England ndi France.

292
00:17:38,150 --> 00:17:41,230
A French akufuna kukulitsa madera awo achitsamunda

293
00:17:41,230 --> 00:17:43,353
polanda ulamuliro wa Syria ndi Lebanon.

294
00:17:45,750 --> 00:17:49,080
A Britain amalenga maiko atsopano, Transjordan,

295
00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:53,450
tsopano Jordan, Palestine, ndi Iraq crucially,

296
00:17:53,450 --> 00:17:55,743
kudzipatsa okha ulamuliro wa kupanga mafuta.

297
00:17:57,120 --> 00:17:59,950
Wilson adathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma la Kurdish

298
00:17:59,950 --> 00:18:03,240
ndipo kwa miyezi ingapo, idakhalapo, isanazimiririke,

299
00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:04,773
kuchotsedwa ndi a Turks.

300
00:18:05,809 --> 00:18:08,240
{\an8}(nyimbo zofatsa)

301
00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:11,370
{\n8}Ku Palestine, Aroma anali atathamangitsa Ayuda

302
00:18:11,370 --> 00:18:13,533
ku Yerusalemu zaka 2000 zapitazo.

303
00:18:15,170 --> 00:18:19,190
Aarabu tsopano 600,000 amphamvu ndi ochepa kuposa kulandiridwa

304
00:18:19,190 --> 00:18:21,290
kwa Ziyoni Ayuda amene akuthawa

305
00:18:21,290 --> 00:18:23,880
ku dziko lolonjezedwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19

306
00:18:23,880 --> 00:18:26,430
kuti athawe chizunzo ku Central Europe ndi Russia.

307
00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:34,840
Panthawi ya nkhondo, a British,

308
00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:37,560
monga Mtsamunda wotchuka T. E. Lawrence wowonedwa pano

309
00:18:37,560 --> 00:18:39,600
pa Pangano la Sykes-Picot

310
00:18:39,600 --> 00:18:41,370
adalonjeza zambiri kwa Arabu

311
00:18:41,370 --> 00:18:43,850
posinthana ndi thandizo lawo motsutsana ndi a Turks,

312
00:18:43,850 --> 00:18:46,213
imodzi inali yoletsa kusamuka kwa Ayuda.

313
00:18:50,880 --> 00:18:53,600
Koma Lawrence waku Arabia anali atasinthidwa

314
00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:55,703
ndipo malonjezano opangidwa sadzasungidwa.

315
00:18:57,350 --> 00:19:01,020
A Britain adavomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko lachiyuda.

316
00:19:01,020 --> 00:19:04,313
Zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake, lidzakhala Boma la Israeli.

317
00:19:06,220 --> 00:19:10,090
Purezidenti wawo woyamba Chaim Weizmann akufuna kusamuka.

318
00:19:10,090 --> 00:19:13,667
Iye akuti, “Ife tiyenera kupanga Palestine ngati Ayuda,

319
00:19:13,667 --> 00:19:16,857
"monga England ndi Chingerezi ndipo America ndi America."

320
00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,403
Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yosatha.

321
00:19:25,380 --> 00:19:29,800
{\an8}Mu 1920, mu Turkey yogonjetsedwa ku Constantinople,

322
00:19:29,800 --> 00:19:32,513
{\an8}tsopano ku Istanbul, zinthu zavuta.

323
00:19:34,270 --> 00:19:36,440
Allies adalandabe mzindawu

324
00:19:36,440 --> 00:19:37,900
ndi gawo la dziko,

325
00:19:37,900 --> 00:19:40,310
zomwe ndi zosavomerezeka kwa a Nationalists

326
00:19:40,310 --> 00:19:42,393
ndipo zimabweretsa kuukira kwakukulu.

327
00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:50,830
Pamutu pake ndi General Mustapha Kemal, yemwe mu 1915,

328
00:19:50,830 --> 00:19:53,393
anali atakana kutera ku Britain ndi ku France ku Turkey.

329
00:19:54,500 --> 00:19:57,980
Msilikali wolemekezekayu akukana kuvomereza Pangano la Sèvres

330
00:19:57,980 --> 00:20:00,210
ndi kutayika kwa mzinda wa Smurna.

331
00:20:00,210 --> 00:20:04,097
Iye anati: “Ngati titachita zofuna za Allies,

332
00:20:04,097 --> 00:20:07,367
"zidzakhala zosatheka kuletsa zolinga zawo zadyera."

333
00:20:08,880 --> 00:20:11,820
Mustafa Kemal akweza gulu lankhondo la odzipereka,

334
00:20:11,820 --> 00:20:14,390
ndiye kumenyana ndi ogwirizana ndi Agiriki kwa zaka ziwiri

335
00:20:14,390 --> 00:20:16,695
kuti atengenso gawo lomwe akukhala.

336
00:20:16,695 --> 00:20:19,907
(Horse kulira)

337
00:20:19,907 --> 00:20:22,225
(Kuthira madzi)

338
00:20:22,225 --> 00:20:24,558
(kukuwa)

339
00:20:25,808 --> 00:20:28,475
(kuphulika kwakukulu)

340
00:20:29,671 --> 00:20:32,254
(mfuti zikuyaka)

341
00:20:34,055 --> 00:20:36,722
(kuphulika kwakukulu)

342
00:20:38,362 --> 00:20:40,640
{\an8}Pa Seputembara 9, 1922,

343
00:20:40,640 --> 00:20:43,360
ankhondo ake alowa m'malo achitetezo okhalidwa

344
00:20:43,360 --> 00:20:45,644
ndi Agiriki, Smurna.

345
00:20:45,644 --> 00:20:48,394
{\an8}(nyimbo zochititsa chidwi)

346
00:20:49,570 --> 00:20:51,643
{\an8}Mzinda wawotchedwa.

347
00:21:03,900 --> 00:21:06,710
Anthu aku Turkey akufuna kuthamangitsa osati Agiriki okha,

348
00:21:06,710 --> 00:21:09,620
komanso onse omwe si Asilamu ochepa,

349
00:21:09,620 --> 00:21:11,203
makamaka Achiarmeniya.

350
00:21:15,410 --> 00:21:17,840
Ndi ochepa okha omwe ali ndi mwayi omwe amatha kuthawa

351
00:21:17,840 --> 00:21:19,553
ndikuyamba ulendo wopita ku Europe.

352
00:21:26,680 --> 00:21:29,260
{\n8}Ku Geneva, League of Nations,

353
00:21:29,260 --> 00:21:32,810
ngakhale yalephera kuthetsa nkhondo ndi kupha anthu;

354
00:21:32,810 --> 00:21:36,070
komabe amapambana kupulumutsa mamiliyoni a anthu.

355
00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:39,580
undefined

356
00:21:39,580 --> 00:21:41,370
undefined

357
00:21:41,370 --> 00:21:43,840
undefined

358
00:21:43,840 --> 00:21:46,640
undefined

359
00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:49,640
undefined

360
00:21:51,060 --> 00:21:53,123
undefined

361
00:21:54,190 --> 00:21:56,993
undefined

362
00:21:58,240 --> 00:22:00,150
undefined

363
00:22:00,150 --> 00:22:02,063
undefined

364
00:22:03,090 --> 00:22:05,143
undefined

365
00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:12,913
undefined

366
00:22:14,050 --> 00:22:16,563
undefined

367
00:22:17,840 --> 00:22:20,290
undefined

368
00:22:20,290 --> 00:22:22,840
undefined

369
00:22:26,790 --> 00:22:29,403
undefined

370
00:22:30,360 --> 00:22:32,890
undefined

371
00:22:32,890 --> 00:22:35,623
undefined

372
00:22:43,170 --> 00:22:45,063
undefined

373
00:22:46,353 --> 00:22:48,936
undefined

374
00:22:50,040 --> 00:22:53,060
undefined

375
00:22:53,060 --> 00:22:56,173
undefined

376
00:23:00,370 --> 00:23:02,490
undefined

377
00:23:02,490 --> 00:23:05,800
undefined

378
00:23:05,800 --> 00:23:09,323
analembedwa mawu a wolemba ndakatulo wachiyuda, Emma Lazaro,

379
00:23:10,437 --> 00:23:12,507
"Ndipatseni wotopa wanu, osauka anu,

380
00:23:12,507 --> 00:23:15,007
"kutikita kwanu kumangofuna kupuma momasuka,

381
00:23:15,007 --> 00:23:17,547
"zinyalala zomvetsa chisoni za m'mphepete mwa nyanja yanu."

382
00:23:20,700 --> 00:23:24,900
{\an8}Ku Montreal, Ayuda 30,000 amawonetsa chidwi

383
00:23:24,900 --> 00:23:27,203
ku tsogolo la osiyidwa ku Ukraine.

384
00:23:29,876 --> 00:23:32,459
{\an8}(nyimbo zofatsa)

385
00:23:33,769 --> 00:23:37,560
{\n8}Ayuda 100,000 anaphedwa, atatsekeredwa mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni

386
00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:39,850
pakati pa Azungu a Russia, Czarist

387
00:23:39,850 --> 00:23:41,300
ndi Ofiira, Achikomyunizimu.

388
00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:51,330
Patatha zaka zinayi tikumenyana.

389
00:23:51,330 --> 00:23:54,400
undefined

390
00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:57,393
undefined

391
00:24:01,365 --> 00:24:05,115
undefined

392
00:24:06,010 --> 00:24:10,060
undefined

393
00:24:10,060 --> 00:24:13,363
undefined

394
00:24:15,260 --> 00:24:18,660
undefined

395
00:24:18,660 --> 00:24:21,683
undefined

396
00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:29,333
undefined

397
00:24:34,810 --> 00:24:37,983
undefined

398
00:24:39,760 --> 00:24:42,080
undefined

399
00:24:42,080 --> 00:24:44,020
undefined

400
00:24:44,020 --> 00:24:46,003
undefined

401
00:24:47,017 --> 00:24:49,837
undefined

402
00:24:49,837 --> 00:24:52,350
undefined

403
00:24:53,657 --> 00:24:57,147
undefined

404
00:24:57,147 --> 00:24:58,737
undefined

405
00:25:02,940 --> 00:25:07,570
undefined

406
00:25:07,570 --> 00:25:08,973
undefined

407
00:25:11,390 --> 00:25:14,110
undefined

408
00:25:14,110 --> 00:25:16,013
undefined

409
00:25:16,960 --> 00:25:19,543
undefined

410
00:25:24,893 --> 00:25:26,330
undefined

411
00:25:26,330 --> 00:25:28,190
undefined

412
00:25:28,190 --> 00:25:30,893
undefined

413
00:25:32,640 --> 00:25:35,500
undefined

414
00:25:35,500 --> 00:25:36,950
undefined

415
00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:39,513
undefined

416
00:25:39,513 --> 00:25:41,400
undefined

417
00:25:41,400 --> 00:25:43,330
undefined

418
00:25:43,330 --> 00:25:45,788
undefined

419
00:25:45,788 --> 00:25:48,788
undefined

420
00:25:51,160 --> 00:25:53,280
undefined

421
00:25:53,280 --> 00:25:55,140
undefined

422
00:25:55,140 --> 00:25:57,563
undefined

423
00:25:58,397 --> 00:26:01,157
undefined

424
00:26:01,157 --> 00:26:03,677
undefined

425
00:26:03,677 --> 00:26:04,657
undefined

426
00:26:06,570 --> 00:26:08,180
undefined

427
00:26:08,180 --> 00:26:11,890
undefined

428
00:26:11,890 --> 00:26:15,698
undefined

429
00:26:15,698 --> 00:26:18,698
undefined

430
00:26:19,940 --> 00:26:23,210
undefined

431
00:26:23,210 --> 00:26:25,930
undefined

432
00:26:25,930 --> 00:26:29,148
undefined

433
00:26:29,148 --> 00:26:32,565
undefined

434
00:26:40,770 --> 00:26:43,050
undefined

435
00:26:43,050 --> 00:26:46,630
undefined

436
00:26:46,630 --> 00:26:50,420
undefined

437
00:26:50,420 --> 00:26:53,080
undefined

438
00:26:53,080 --> 00:26:56,500
undefined

439
00:26:56,500 --> 00:26:57,623
undefined

440
00:26:59,690 --> 00:27:02,783
undefined

441
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,380
undefined

442
00:27:07,380 --> 00:27:11,280
undefined

443
00:27:11,280 --> 00:27:13,736
undefined

444
00:27:13,736 --> 00:27:15,010
undefined

445
00:27:15,010 --> 00:27:17,950
undefined

446
00:27:17,950 --> 00:27:21,933
undefined

447
00:27:27,620 --> 00:27:30,380
undefined

448
00:27:30,380 --> 00:27:33,616
undefined

449
00:27:33,616 --> 00:27:36,366
undefined

450
00:27:39,467 --> 00:27:44,467
undefined

451
00:27:44,550 --> 00:27:47,250
undefined

452
00:27:47,250 --> 00:27:50,820
undefined

453
00:27:50,820 --> 00:27:53,837
undefined

454
00:27:53,837 --> 00:27:56,587
undefined

455
00:27:58,290 --> 00:28:02,140
undefined

456
00:28:02,140 --> 00:28:03,970
undefined

457
00:28:03,970 --> 00:28:06,063
undefined

458
00:28:07,020 --> 00:28:09,997
undefined

459
00:28:14,160 --> 00:28:17,240
undefined

460
00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:19,610
undefined

461
00:28:19,610 --> 00:28:22,423
undefined

462
00:28:24,840 --> 00:28:26,950
undefined

463
00:28:26,950 --> 00:28:29,000
undefined

464
00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:31,410
undefined

465
00:28:31,410 --> 00:28:34,867
undefined

466
00:28:34,867 --> 00:28:36,677
undefined

467
00:28:36,677 --> 00:28:39,440
undefined

468
00:28:39,440 --> 00:28:41,407
undefined

469
00:28:41,407 --> 00:28:43,567
undefined

470
00:28:44,443 --> 00:28:47,360
undefined

471
00:28:48,650 --> 00:28:51,197
undefined

472
00:28:51,197 --> 00:28:54,797
"Ang imong oras sa Italya miabot na, katingad-an nga mga tuig.

473
00:28:54,797 --> 00:28:56,847
"Nakadungog ko sa dalugdog sa Eagles nga

474
00:28:56,847 --> 00:28:59,466
"uban sa ilang mga talento makaguba sa kagabhion."

475
00:28:59,466 --> 00:29:02,216
(crowding cheer)

476
00:29:03,380 --> 00:29:06,563
Si Gabriele d'Annunzio makahimo sa pag-ilog sa siyudad sa Fiume.

477
00:29:08,384 --> 00:29:11,134
{\an8}(pag-awit sa panon)

478
00:29:15,700 --> 00:29:19,093
Giabog siya sa regular nga kasundalohan, apan matinahuron.

479
00:29:21,500 --> 00:29:24,490
Alang sa Komunistang Gramsci, kini nga trahedya nga komedya

480
00:29:24,490 --> 00:29:26,250
usa pa ka timailhan sa pagkadunot

481
00:29:26,250 --> 00:29:27,563
sa Bourgeois State.

482
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:31,467
Siya miingon, "Ang daang kalibutan mamatay.

483
00:29:31,467 --> 00:29:33,687
"Ang bag-ong kalibutan nanlimbasug nga matawo.

484
00:29:33,687 --> 00:29:37,367
"Ug niining kilumkilom, kalit nga mitungha ang mga monsters."

485
00:29:40,340 --> 00:29:42,993
{\an8}Kanang mangtas mao si Benito Mussolini.

486
00:29:44,800 --> 00:29:48,937
{\an8}Ang iyang asawa nga si Rachele misulat, "Ang iyang mga mata phosphorescent,

487
00:29:48,937 --> 00:29:53,937
"Ang iyang panan-aw mitusok, ang iyang mga tinun-an daw nagkidlap sa kilat.

488
00:29:53,997 --> 00:29:57,577
"Nahibal-an niya nga ang iyang mga mata adunay talagsaong gahum sa tanan."

489
00:29:59,330 --> 00:30:03,440
{\an8}Si Mussolini nagsugod sa iyang karera isip sosyalistang peryodista.

490
00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:05,823
{\an8}Nahimo siyang Nasyonalista sa panahon sa gubat.

491
00:30:09,270 --> 00:30:12,710
Sa 1919, iyang gimugna ang Pasista nga Kalihokan,

492
00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:16,133
ginganlan sunod sa iyang Fasci di Combattimento, fighting squads.

493
00:30:20,270 --> 00:30:24,350
Si Mussolini nagsakay sa prestihiyo ni Gabriele D'Annunzio,

494
00:30:24,350 --> 00:30:26,270
pagkopya sa tanan.

495
00:30:26,270 --> 00:30:31,270
Ang itom nga kamiseta, ang saludo sa Roma, ang sundang sa lumba

496
00:30:31,300 --> 00:30:32,350
ug ang paghilak,

497
00:30:32,350 --> 00:30:37,350
makalagot, sa amon, sa amon.
(pag-awit sa panon)

498
00:30:37,770 --> 00:30:42,173
Apan si Gabriele D'Annunzio adunay 2500 ka mga lalaki niadtong 1919,

499
00:30:43,280 --> 00:30:46,713
Si Mussolini adunay 300,000 niadtong 1922.

500
00:30:48,290 --> 00:30:53,050
Uban sa iyang populist nga mga slogan, si Mussolini naghiusa sa mga beterano,

501
00:30:53,050 --> 00:30:57,690
mga invalid sa gubat, ang mga walay trabaho, ang tunga-tunga nga klase,

502
00:30:57,690 --> 00:30:59,860
ug bisan ang maluya ug hunahuna

503
00:30:59,860 --> 00:31:02,010
nga adunay problema sa paghimo sa Pasista nga pagsaludo,

504
00:31:02,850 --> 00:31:06,630
Ug ang tanan nga mga underclass nga pagkahuman sa ilang mga away sa kadalanan,

505
00:31:06,630 --> 00:31:10,443
sa ilang mga bendahe, Menefrego, wala ko'y labot.

506
00:31:12,870 --> 00:31:15,800
Nagsaad si Mussolini nga ibalik ang kahusay sa katilingban.

507
00:31:15,800 --> 00:31:17,720
Gihatagan niya ang iyang mga iskwad og hinagiban,

508
00:31:17,720 --> 00:31:20,430
usa ka kahoy nga baston aron bunalan ang mga Komunista,

509
00:31:20,430 --> 00:31:23,918
ug gisunog ang ilang mga Balay sa Katawhan.

510
00:31:23,918 --> 00:31:26,668
(dramatikong musika)

511
00:31:35,050 --> 00:31:37,817
Si Mussolini nag-ingon, "Akong ibalik ang disiplina

512
00:31:37,817 --> 00:31:39,137
"sa mga pabrika."

513
00:31:40,820 --> 00:31:42,940
Nga nakapahimuot sa dagkong mga industriyalista,

514
00:31:42,940 --> 00:31:45,260
sama kang Agneli ang nagtukod sa Fiat,

515
00:31:45,260 --> 00:31:47,836
ug Pirelli ang tiggama sa Tiro.

516
00:31:47,836 --> 00:31:50,419
(hinay nga musika)

517
00:31:54,225 --> 00:31:56,239
(nagkatawa)

518
00:31:56,239 --> 00:31:58,822
(hinay nga musika)

519
00:32:08,073 --> 00:32:08,950
(crowding cheer)

520
00:32:08,950 --> 00:32:13,650
Ang Mussolini nag-organisa niadtong Oktubre 28, 1922,

521
00:32:13,650 --> 00:32:17,286
{\an8}usa ka pasundayag sa kusog nga gitawag ug Marso sa Roma.

522
00:32:17,286 --> 00:32:20,203
(langyaw nga pinulongan)

523
00:32:30,940 --> 00:32:35,283
Siya mismo miabot nga komportable sa tren gikan sa Milan.

524
00:32:35,283 --> 00:32:38,200
(langyaw nga pinulongan)

525
00:32:43,040 --> 00:32:46,170
Gibaylo niya ang iyang itom nga kamiseta alang sa usa ka suit ug kurbata,

526
00:32:46,170 --> 00:32:48,340
gituyo aron mahimong daghang mga estadista sama sa taliwala

527
00:32:48,340 --> 00:32:49,543
sa iyang Pasista nga mga alipores.

528
00:32:55,070 --> 00:32:59,070
Si Haring Victor Emanuel 111, naghatag kaniya sa mga renda sa gahum,

529
00:32:59,070 --> 00:33:01,763
dako sa kaalaotan sa mga Italyano.

530
00:33:06,420 --> 00:33:09,520
Gipaluyohan sa simbahan, si Mussolini naggamit ug maalamon

531
00:33:09,520 --> 00:33:12,280
sa propaganda ug mipuno sa mga kampong konsentrasyon

532
00:33:12,280 --> 00:33:13,630
uban sa iyang mga kaatbang,

533
00:33:13,630 --> 00:33:16,843
pagpasulod sa usa ka awtoritaryan nga anti-komunistang rehimen.

534
00:33:22,100 --> 00:33:26,490
{\an8}Usa ka tuig ang milabay, niadtong 1923, ang mga beterano sa Aleman naghiusa usab

535
00:33:26,490 --> 00:33:30,220
palibot sa ilang lider sa panahon sa gubat, si Heneral Ludendorff

536
00:33:30,220 --> 00:33:33,313
{\an8}nga karon nagsuporta sa lider sa Nazi Party nga si Adolf Hitler.

537
00:33:38,240 --> 00:33:42,407
Si Hitler nag-ingon, "Ang atong katawhan nailalom sa maong kaalautan,

538
00:33:42,407 --> 00:33:44,267
"nga kung dili kita molihok karon,

539
00:33:44,267 --> 00:33:45,967
"moapil sila sa mga Komunista."

540
00:33:49,520 --> 00:33:51,680
Ang mga kaalyado motabang kang Hitler pinaagi sa usa ka serye

541
00:33:51,680 --> 00:33:55,770
sa mga kasaypanan sama sa Belgian ug French nga trabaho

542
00:33:55,770 --> 00:33:57,713
sa rehiyon sa pagmina sa gubat sa Germany,

543
00:33:59,390 --> 00:34:02,083
diin ang karbon gisakmit sa pinugos nga pagbawi,

544
00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:06,533
nga mosangpot sa krisis sa ekonomiya ug makabungog nga inflation.

545
00:34:09,200 --> 00:34:12,010
Uban sa mga banknote nga gipatik sa labing paspas nga mahimo,

546
00:34:12,010 --> 00:34:14,753
ang currency depreciate sa usa ka dili mahunahuna nga rate.

547
00:34:15,690 --> 00:34:19,853
Ang usa ka tinapay nagkantidad ug 460 bilyon Marks.

548
00:34:22,460 --> 00:34:26,013
Usa ka 13-anyos nga German nga babaye, si Erma Lange miasoy,

549
00:34:27,137 --> 00:34:29,777
“Kon ang among amahan mopauli nga may suhol sa usa ka adlaw,

550
00:34:29,777 --> 00:34:33,737
"Nagdali kami sa paggasto niini, kung dili sa dali,

551
00:34:33,737 --> 00:34:35,047
"kini walay bili."

552
00:34:39,490 --> 00:34:41,960
Tali sa mga Germans sa gubat ug sa mga Pranses

553
00:34:41,960 --> 00:34:44,563
ug Belgian occupiers, ang tensyon nagkataas.

554
00:34:49,540 --> 00:34:52,170
{\an8}Niadtong Marso 10, 1923,

555
00:34:52,170 --> 00:34:54,910
giatake sa mga opisyal sa Pransya ang mga tumatan-aw sa Aleman,

556
00:34:54,910 --> 00:34:57,500
kinsa napakyas sa pagtangtang sa ilang mga kalo para sa funeral cortege

557
00:34:57,500 --> 00:34:58,853
sa usa ka biktima sa pag-atake.

558
00:35:00,950 --> 00:35:04,350
Taliwala sa maong kawalay kalig-on, si Hitler naningkamot sa pag-ilog sa gahom

559
00:35:04,350 --> 00:35:06,183
sa Nobyembre 9, 1923.

560
00:35:08,120 --> 00:35:11,680
{\an8}Apan ang kasundalohan ug kapolisan nagpabiling maunongon sa German Republic

561
00:35:11,680 --> 00:35:13,073
ug ang putsch napakyas.

562
00:35:15,280 --> 00:35:19,060
Si Hitler nabilanggo sa pagkakaron,

563
00:35:19,060 --> 00:35:22,157
Si Stefan Zweig namulong alang sa kadaghanan sa dihang nagsulat siya,

564
00:35:22,157 --> 00:35:26,167
"Niining tuiga 1923, ang mga Swastika nawala,

565
00:35:26,167 --> 00:35:27,707
"ang stormtroopers ug ang ngalan

566
00:35:27,707 --> 00:35:30,837
"ni Adolf Hitler ang tanan nahulog sa kalimot."

567
00:35:35,400 --> 00:35:37,920
Apan si Zweig sayop kaayo.

568
00:35:37,920 --> 00:35:41,580
Gikan sa iyang selda, si Hitler mag-andam sa iyang panimalos.

569
00:35:41,580 --> 00:35:45,600
Gisulat niya ang iyang libro, "Mein Kampf" ang akong pakigbisog,

570
00:35:45,600 --> 00:35:48,803
usa ka screed batok sa Treaty of Versailles ug France.

571
00:35:52,390 --> 00:35:55,230
{\an8}Tinuod ang Totalitarian Penace.

572
00:35:55,230 --> 00:35:58,150
Sa Espanya. Heneral Primo de Rivera

573
00:35:58,150 --> 00:36:00,490
giinspirar usab ni Mussolini

574
00:36:00,490 --> 00:36:04,090
nag-ilog sa gahom niadtong Septiyembre 23, 1923,

575
00:36:04,090 --> 00:36:06,333
ug nagtukod ug diktadurya.

576
00:36:07,360 --> 00:36:10,893
{\an8}Kining kudeta sa militar nakapahimuot sa usa ka ambisyoso nga batan-ong opisyal,

577
00:36:11,850 --> 00:36:13,113
{\an8}Francisco Franco.

578
00:36:17,100 --> 00:36:19,580
Nailhan tungod sa iyang disiplina ug kabangis,

579
00:36:19,580 --> 00:36:24,200
Si Franco, sa edad nga 33 mahimong pinakabata nga Heneral sa Europe,

580
00:36:24,200 --> 00:36:26,033
ug ang sunod nga diktador sa Espanya.

581
00:36:30,990 --> 00:36:34,030
Niadtong 1921, usa siya sa mga lider

582
00:36:34,030 --> 00:36:36,390
sa Spanish Foreign Legion,

583
00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:39,940
responsable sa pagpadayon sa kahusay sa Rif,

584
00:36:39,940 --> 00:36:42,743
usa ka dapit sa Morocco nga kontrolado sa Espanya.

585
00:36:43,600 --> 00:36:45,800
Ang Pranses nagdominar sa ubang bahin sa nasod.

586
00:36:47,890 --> 00:36:51,050
Panahon sa Gubat sa Kalibotan ug sa mga minahan sa puthaw sa rehiyon,

587
00:36:51,050 --> 00:36:53,500
Ang mga Moroccan napugos sa pagtrabaho nga labaw sa kakapoy

588
00:36:53,500 --> 00:36:56,170
sa pagsuplay sa mga pabrika sa French munitions.

589
00:36:56,170 --> 00:36:58,803
Ang katawhang Moroccan mirebelde batok niini nga pagpahimulos.

590
00:37:00,896 --> 00:37:03,729
(mga kabayo nga nagbakho)

591
00:37:06,050 --> 00:37:09,300
{\an8}Usa ka Nasyonalistang lider mitumaw sa Arab nga kalibutan,

592
00:37:09,300 --> 00:37:11,780
{\an8}ang iyang ngalan mao si Abd el-Krim.

593
00:37:11,780 --> 00:37:15,140
Siya usa ka maayo nga pagbasa nga eskolar mga 50 anyos.

594
00:37:15,140 --> 00:37:18,205
Malampuson niyang nahiusa ang mga tribong Berber sa iyang palibot.

595
00:37:18,205 --> 00:37:20,360
(hinay nga musika)

596
00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:22,660
Nagsugod siya pinaagi sa pagpahamtang sa usa ka makapahugno nga kapildihan

597
00:37:22,660 --> 00:37:25,140
sa Espanyol sa Gubat sa Tinuig,

598
00:37:25,140 --> 00:37:26,988
niadtong Hulyo 21, 1921.

599
00:37:26,988 --> 00:37:29,655
{\an8}(kusog nga pagbuto)

600
00:37:34,017 --> 00:37:34,850
(kabayo nagbakho)

601
00:37:34,850 --> 00:37:37,825
20,000 ka Espanyol ang napildi sa mga tribo sa Rif.

602
00:37:37,825 --> 00:37:40,720
13,000 kanila ang namatay o nasamdan,

603
00:37:40,720 --> 00:37:42,703
ang mga naluwas misibog sa kagubot.

604
00:37:45,840 --> 00:37:49,108
Nangilabot ang mga Pranses aron makig-away kauban ang mga Katsila.

605
00:37:49,108 --> 00:37:51,775
(kusog nga pagbuto)

606
00:37:53,460 --> 00:37:56,003
Kini ba ang sinugdanan sa katapusan sa kolonisasyon?

607
00:38:00,760 --> 00:38:04,403
Ang Rif War naglandong sa tanang kalisang sa umaabot.

608
00:38:06,940 --> 00:38:11,063
Dinhi, gipunggotan sa usa ka sundalo sa Moroccan ang iyang igsoon nga rebelde.

609
00:38:13,640 --> 00:38:16,713
Adunay pagsaka sa kabangis sa duha ka kilid.

610
00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:22,550
Gigamit sa mga Pranses ug Espanyol ang matag hinagiban sa ilang arsenal,

611
00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:24,159
lakip ang aerial attacks.

612
00:38:24,159 --> 00:38:27,422
(lumba sa ayroplano)

613
00:38:27,422 --> 00:38:28,700
(kusog nga pagbuto)

614
00:38:28,700 --> 00:38:31,840
Ang ubang mga bomba gikargahan sa samang makalilisang nga mustasa nga gas

615
00:38:31,840 --> 00:38:33,853
gigamit sa mga Germans niadtong 1917.

616
00:38:36,773 --> 00:38:38,290
(kusog nga pagbuto)

617
00:38:38,290 --> 00:38:41,120
Pagbutang sa ilang mga pwersa sa luyo sa mga linya sa kaaway,

618
00:38:41,120 --> 00:38:42,493
ug pag-abante sa mga tangke,

619
00:38:43,360 --> 00:38:45,283
sa kataposan ilang napildi si Abd el-Krim.

620
00:38:47,410 --> 00:38:51,363
Misurender siya sa mga Pranses niadtong Mayo 27, 1926.

621
00:38:52,810 --> 00:38:55,560
Ang iyang pagsurender gi-film para sa movie house newsreel,

622
00:38:55,560 --> 00:38:58,330
nga nagtinguha sa pagpasalig sa mga tumatan-aw nga nagpahayag,

623
00:38:58,330 --> 00:39:01,400
ang iyang tigulang nga amahan ug ang iyang pamilya nagbutang sa ilang kaugalingon

624
00:39:01,400 --> 00:39:03,273
ubos sa panalipod sa mga mananaog.

625
00:39:08,450 --> 00:39:10,760
Ang Rif War mahimong inspirasyon

626
00:39:10,760 --> 00:39:15,040
alang sa matag sunod nga gubat sa dekolonisasyon sa Africa

627
00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:16,113
ug sa tibuok kalibotan.

628
00:39:17,519 --> 00:39:18,760
(dramatikong musika)

629
00:39:18,760 --> 00:39:21,480
Kini usab nagtimaan sa usa ka mahukmanon nga punto sa pagbag-o.

630
00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:24,010
Sukad karon, ang kalibutan ma-istruktura

631
00:39:24,010 --> 00:39:25,427
palibot sa usa ka bag-ong linya sa sayup.

632
00:39:25,427 --> 00:39:26,710
(nagdilaab nga pusil)

633
00:39:26,710 --> 00:39:28,950
Ang mga tawo nawad-an sa ilang relihiyon,

634
00:39:28,950 --> 00:39:31,450
ug ang ilang pagkatawo panahon sa gubat.

635
00:39:31,450 --> 00:39:35,190
Makakaplag sila og bag-ong kahulogan, bag-ong proyekto, bokasyon

636
00:39:35,190 --> 00:39:36,703
ug political engagement.

637
00:39:36,703 --> 00:39:38,600
{\an8}(paghugyaw sa panon)

638
00:39:38,600 --> 00:39:42,350
{\an8}1926, ang pasistang hilanat misaka bisan asa,

639
00:39:42,350 --> 00:39:44,030
{\an8}sama dinhi sa England.

640
00:39:44,030 --> 00:39:48,176
{\an8}Ang hilanat sa mga komunista mosaka usab bisan asa, bisan sa New York.

641
00:39:48,176 --> 00:39:50,759
{\an8}(nagdilaab nga mga pusil)

642
00:39:51,610 --> 00:39:54,770
Ang Estados Unidos naningkamot sa pagpalagpot sa iyang mga Komunista,

643
00:39:54,770 --> 00:39:57,270
hatagan sila ug one-way ticket padulong sa yutang natawhan

644
00:39:57,270 --> 00:40:00,863
sa sosyalismo sa niini nga sakayan nga ginganlan og The Soviet Ark.

645
00:40:03,317 --> 00:40:05,900
(Pagbusina sa barko)

646
00:40:06,844 --> 00:40:07,677
Bye.

647
00:40:08,827 --> 00:40:10,850
(mahayag nga jazz music)

648
00:40:10,850 --> 00:40:12,760
Dugang sa Red Scare,

649
00:40:12,760 --> 00:40:14,853
Ang mga Amerikano nag-atubang sa pagdili.

650
00:40:17,510 --> 00:40:21,320
Pinaagi sa pagdili sa alkohol, ang mga Konserbatibo naglaum nga ipahamtang ang moralidad

651
00:40:21,320 --> 00:40:23,103
sa katilingban sa bug-os nga kaguliyang.

652
00:40:26,630 --> 00:40:29,210
Ug mao nga nagsugod ang ihalas nga paggukod sa mga smuggler

653
00:40:29,210 --> 00:40:34,000
sa matag matang sa alkohol, distilled sa Canada o sa balay.

654
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:37,640
Ang mga pulis sa Amerika naggamit sa tanan nga paagi nga ilang magamit

655
00:40:37,640 --> 00:40:39,793
para gub-on ang kontrabando.

656
00:40:39,793 --> 00:40:42,034
(mga metal cracking)

657
00:40:42,034 --> 00:40:45,117
(pagsira sa baso)

658
00:40:46,960 --> 00:40:49,710
(hinay nga pag-uyog)

659
00:40:51,284 --> 00:40:53,951
(tubig nga nagdagan)

660
00:40:56,514 --> 00:40:59,976
(pagsira sa baso)

661
00:40:59,976 --> 00:41:02,976
(mahayag nga jazz music)

662
00:41:05,760 --> 00:41:08,930
Ang pagdili usa ka kaayohan alang sa Italian-American mafia,

663
00:41:08,930 --> 00:41:11,293
karon nagpalig-on sa iyang pagkupot sa America.

664
00:41:12,660 --> 00:41:16,383
Ang Al Capone nag-una sa entablado sa kasaysayan sa gangsterismo.

665
00:41:18,230 --> 00:41:20,143
Ang mga Amerikano naglibog sa kinabuhi.

666
00:41:21,370 --> 00:41:23,130
Ang mga ritmo sa jazz mitungha

667
00:41:23,130 --> 00:41:25,308
sa bag-ong mga sayaw sama sa Charleston.

668
00:41:25,308 --> 00:41:27,300
(mahayag nga jazz music)

669
00:41:27,300 --> 00:41:28,730
Gusto nila makalimtan ang tanan,

670
00:41:28,730 --> 00:41:31,100
dili na nila gusto nga maghunahuna pa.

671
00:41:31,100 --> 00:41:34,330
Ang Amerikanong magsusulat nga si John Dos Passos mga proyekto,

672
00:41:34,330 --> 00:41:36,800
Ang ika-20 nga siglo mahimong Amerikano,

673
00:41:36,800 --> 00:41:40,330
Ang panghunahuna sa Amerika maoy modominar niini, American Progress,

674
00:41:40,330 --> 00:41:42,690
maghatag kini og kolor ug direksyon.

675
00:41:42,690 --> 00:41:45,290
Ang pagbag-o sa kalibutan pisikal usab

676
00:41:45,290 --> 00:41:47,320
Sa pagsugod sa moral,

677
00:41:47,320 --> 00:41:49,969
ug ang mga rebolusyon dili gayud moatras.

678
00:41:49,969 --> 00:41:51,242
(nagdahunog ang makina sa eroplano)

679
00:41:51,242 --> 00:41:54,242
(mahayag nga jazz music)

680
00:41:55,960 --> 00:41:58,153
Ang Jazz mitabok sa Atlantiko.

681
00:41:59,410 --> 00:42:02,970
{\an8}Sa Paris, gitakda ni Josephine Baker ang tono.

682
00:42:02,970 --> 00:42:05,770
{\an8}Sa dihang ang Pranses nga magsusulat (dili klaro) unang nakakita kaniya,

683
00:42:05,770 --> 00:42:09,904
siya mipatugbaw, "Ang erotisismo bag-o lang nakakaplag nga kini estilo."

684
00:42:09,904 --> 00:42:12,630
(mahayag nga jazz music)

685
00:42:12,630 --> 00:42:14,730
Kini mao ang nagngulob 20s sa (dili klaro).

686
00:42:17,340 --> 00:42:19,297
Ang memoir sa Paris ni Ernest Hemingway,

687
00:42:19,297 --> 00:42:22,200
Ang "A Moveable Feast" mao ang iyang kataposang libro.

688
00:42:22,200 --> 00:42:26,977
Nagsulat siya, "Ang pagpuyo sa Paris sama sa adunay daghang bahandi

689
00:42:26,977 --> 00:42:28,049
"gihatag kanimo."

690
00:42:28,049 --> 00:42:31,049
(mahayag nga jazz music)

691
00:42:33,110 --> 00:42:34,890
{\an8}Sa Berlin usab, ang mga ritmo

692
00:42:34,890 --> 00:42:36,763
sa Charleston echo kada tuig.

693
00:42:37,850 --> 00:42:41,510
Si Stefan Zweig misulat sa iyang libro, "The world of Yesterday."

694
00:42:41,510 --> 00:42:43,460
Samtang ang bili sa salapi mikunhod,

695
00:42:43,460 --> 00:42:45,483
ang tanan nga uban nga mga bili nagsugod sa pagkahugno.

696
00:42:46,860 --> 00:42:49,180
Panahon kadto sa taas nga kalipay,

697
00:42:49,180 --> 00:42:52,283
usa ka panagsagol sa kagubot ug panatisismo.

698
00:42:53,900 --> 00:42:56,960
Ang tanan nga sobra ug dili mapugngan,

699
00:42:56,960 --> 00:42:58,647
nakasinati og bulawanong edad.

700
00:43:03,160 --> 00:43:06,150
Sa kabuang niining mga tuig human sa gubat,

701
00:43:06,150 --> 00:43:08,000
usa ka tawo nga mobati nga buhi,

702
00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:11,733
sa paglubong sa makausa ug alang sa tanan nga handumanan sa katalagman ug kamatayon.

703
00:43:13,050 --> 00:43:15,280
Ang uban maghulat nga tapuson ni Hitler

704
00:43:15,280 --> 00:43:18,053
ngadto sa Tratado sa Versailles pinaagi sa pag-armas pag-usab sa Alemanya.

705
00:43:19,480 --> 00:43:22,690
Ang mga krisis sa panalapi makapahuyang sa mga demokrasya

706
00:43:22,690 --> 00:43:26,100
ug laing Gubat sa Kalibotan, nga daw dili mahunahuna,

707
00:43:26,100 --> 00:43:29,333
unya ang usa ka lahi nga hulga mahimong dili kalikayan.

708
00:43:30,947 --> 00:43:33,940
(pag-awit sa panon)

709
00:43:33,940 --> 00:43:37,260
Ug bisan pa, pagkahuman sa Nobyembre 11, 1919,

710
00:43:37,260 --> 00:43:40,610
ang mga tawo bisan asa nagpamatuod sa ilang dakong kapasidad

711
00:43:40,610 --> 00:43:41,973
sa pagsugod pag-usab sa kinabuhi.

712
00:43:43,680 --> 00:43:45,950
Kahibalo ba sila unsaon pag-away aron masiguro

713
00:43:45,950 --> 00:43:48,743
nga ang sunod nga gubat mao na ang kataposan?

714
00:43:49,741 --> 00:43:51,763
Ug mapadayon ba nila ang kalinaw?

715
00:43:54,478 --> 00:43:57,228
(dramatikong musika)

716
00:44:03,327 --> 00:44:05,577
(nagkatawa)

717
00:44:06,651 --> 00:44:09,401
(dramatikong musika)